Dilated cardiomyopathy

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Dilated cardiomyopathy(congestive cardiomyopathy, DCM), is a myocardial disease resulting in dilatation of the chambers of the heart with poor contractile function resulting in inability to pump blood efficiently. DCM is a type of cardiomyopathy which is a group of diseases that primarily affect the myocardium Different cardiomyopathies have different causes, and affect the heart in different ways. In DCM a portion of the myocardium is dilated, often without any obvious cause. Left and/or right ventricular systolic pump function of the heart is impaired, leading to progressive cardiac enlargement and hypertrophy,due to remodeling.[1] Echocardiography is a key diagnostic tool in diagnosing and following up patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.

Contents

[edit] Aetiology

  • Idiopathic - genetically heterogenous group with mutations involving a variety of genes coding for cardiac muscle proteins. Can be familial.
  • Toxic
Excessive alcohol intake
Anthracyclines (Daunorubicin and Doxorubicin)
cocaine
  • Pregnancy
  • Infections
Viral - myocarditis resulting from Ebstein-Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus,coxsackie B virus, adenovirus, parvovirus.[2]
Parasitic - Chaga's disease
  • Muscular dystrophies -Duchenne's, Becker's, Myotonic dystrophy etc.
  • Endocrine - Thyrotoxicosis, Diabetes
  • Autoimmune disorders[3]
  • Thiamine deficiency
  • Chronic tachycardia related cardiomyopathy
  • Ischemic cardiomyopathy

[edit] Echocardiographic assessment

[edit] 2D echocardiography

[edit] M-mode echocardiography

[edit] Doppler echocardiography

[edit] References

  1. ↑ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th edition. Kasper, Braunwald, Fauci, Hauser, Longo, Jameson. ISBN 0-07-139140-1
  2. ↑ Martino TA, Liu P, Sole MJ. Viral infection and the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy. Circ Res. 1994;74:182-8. PMID 8293557
  3. ↑ San Martin MA, Garcia A, Rodriguez FJ, Terol I. Dilated cardiomyopathy and autoimmunity: an overview of current knowledge and perspectives. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2002;55:514-24. PMID 12015932
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